Tijdlijn volgens de Essenen:
586: Judah, Jerusalem, Temple fall to Babylonia. Jews and some of their scrolls and other Temple artifacts are exiled to Babylon, Temple destroyed. [2K25] (Set the stage for false additions to scripture and tradition)
575?: Priestly (P) source of Gn/Ex/Lv/Nm (Mosaic Law) written in Babylon; Gn1-2:4 ...(Contains non Essene interpolations and additions, such as animal sacrifice)
560?: Deuteronomist (D) source of Joshua to Kings written in Babylon. .(Contains non Essene interpolations and additions, such as animal sacrifice)
531?: Lao-tzu, b.604?,571?, pseudonym?, Li Er?, Chinese philosopher: "Tao Te Ching". Teaches the Essene Life Stream Way under the name of Tao or Dao.
530: 2nd Isaiah (40-55) written in Babylon by Deutero-Isaiah, proclaims Cyrus as Jewish Messiah because of his decree to rebuild Temple, [I44:25-45:4]
515: Second Jerusalem Temple construction completed during Darius I reign.
516? Ezra, from Babylon, offers a False Torah (Mosaic Law) to Jerusalem [Neh8]. 4th Ezra speaks of him "receiving" the 24 public and 70 secret books alluding to the possibility that Ezra is responsible for all non Essene additions (pericopes) to the old Testament.
479: K'ung Fu-tzu, Kung Ch'iu, Confucius, b.551, Chinese philosopher, founder of Confucianism, wrote: "Lun-yu" (Analects), coined "Tao" (Way)
450?: Torah (Mosaic Law) compiled from E/J/P/D sources in Babylon. Final crystalization of the False Torah which includes animal sacrifice.
400?: 1st 7 chapters of "Chuang-tzu" written by Chuang Chou; Chinese Philos.
347: Plato, b.427?, Greek philosopher; Loeb Classics has 12 volumes
331: Alexander declared son of God at oracle of Amun in Siwa, Egypt. Significant to Essenes because of their connection to Amun, or Aumen (Essenes on Carmel are called the children of Aumen, or B'nai-Amen in Mandaen writings).
323: Remaining Jews in Judea sent to Alexandria, Egypt by Ptolemy Soter.
323: Diogenes the Cynic (kuon:dog), b.412?, lived in a barrel in Athens ...
250: Synagogues, places to study Torah (Mosaic Law), appear.
200?: Early non Essene False Torah (Law) Sages: Antigonus of Sochoh, Jose ben Johanan of Jerusalem, Jose ben Joezer of Zereda in Samaria, Joshua ben Perahiah and Nittai of Arbel in Galilee, Simeon ben Shetah, Judah ben Tabbai, Shemiah, Abtalion.
168: Antiochus IV plunders and desecrates Jerusalem Temple, erects Zeus altar.
167: Antiochus IV abolishes Temple worship in Dec., Jews forced to eat pork...
165: Daniel written in Jerusalem, 1/2 Aramaic, some basis in past: 280-180.
164: Jerusalem Temple rededicated, but not for pure Essene sacrifice, in Dec by Judas Maccabaeus son of Mattathias.
164-63: Hasmonean (Maccabean) Kingdom of Judea.
160-144: Jonathan Maccabaeus: High Priest and King of Jerusalem, assassinated.
144-135: Simon Maccabaeus rules Jerusalem: expels Syrians, annexed Jaffa 135-104: John Hyrkanos I: Ethnarch & High Priest of Jerusalem, "Age of Expansion." annexes Trans-Jordan, Samaria, Galilee, Idumea. Forces Idumeans to convert to Judaism, hired non-Jewish mercenaries, etc.
Pharisees (Perushim: lay group) and Sadducees (Zedukim: Priests) in Judea, "Sadducees have their support only among the rich, and the people do not follow them, while the Pharisees have the people for their ally" -[JA13.298].
Samaritans compile their own version of the Torah using Old Hebrew script. Qumran community established (Dead Sea Scrolls - 1949), Essene sect?, mostly Hebrew scrolls.
47: Herod, governor of Galilee, younger son of Antipater the Idumean, earns a reputation of being tough on Jews, kills Hezekiah without a trial ...
40: Herod appointed king of Judea in Rome by Mark Antony and Octavian Augustus.
37: Herod captures Jerusalem with help of Roman legions.
37-4: King Herod the Great of Judea: b.73?, "Massacrer of the Innocents", kills Antigonus and all heirs (end of Hasmonean dynasty), Augustus said: "One would rather be Herod's swine than his son", posed as a champion of hellenic culture, purely Greek inscriptions used on coins and weights.
Herod's Jerusalem and temple were thoroughly hellenistic, with Greek theatre and Hippodrome.
19-4: Herod rebuilds a hellenized, non Essene, Jewish Temple, includes Roman eagle gate.
15: Agrippa (12) (Herod's personal friend) visits Jewish Temple with sacrifices.
8 BC? John the Baptist born into the Nazorene branch of the Essenes, probably near July 6, 8 BC - 6 lunar months before Yeshua / Yashuah / Jesus.
6?: Herod executes Zealots who attempt to remove Roman eagle gate from Temple.
1 AD (ce): First year in Christian calendar and the possible year of the birth of Maria Magdala. This is not the year of the birth of Yeshua who had to be born at least 4 years earlier to be born during Herod the Great's reign. (a.d.=anno Domini)
9: Hillel the Elder from Babylonia, b.30 bce, "greatest Torah sage of Second Temple period", founder of Bet Hillel Torah school; at the request of a student to teach the entire Torah "while standing on one foot" he replied:
"What is hateful to you, do not unto your neighbor. This is the entire Torah, all the rest is commentary," i.e., "Go and study it."; "He who magnifies his name destroys it; he who does not increase his knowledge decreases it, and he who does not study deserves to die; and he who makes worldly use of the crown of Torah shall waste away."
Commentaar WD 2004
Onder de Farizeeën (die in het evangelie op felle wijze worden aangevallen) bevonden zich leraren die er dezelfde normen en waarden op na hielden als Jezus, wanneer het om recht en rechtvaardigheid ging. Dat was bijvoorbeeld het geval met de leraren uit de school van Hillel... Wat jij niet wilt dat de mensen je aandoen, doe dat ook een ander niet aan. Dat is de hele Tora, en de rest is uitleg."
Webinfo: De school van Hillel (Hebreeuws: Beit Hillel) is een Joodse leerschool uit de 1e eeuw voor en na de christelijke jaartelling, opgericht door de Joodse wetgeleerde Hillel de Oudere (ca. 50 v.Chr. – 10 n.Chr.), een invloedrijke farizeeër en spiritueel leider (Nasi) in Jeruzalem. Haar grootste rivaal was de school van Sjammai (Beit Sjammai), opgericht door rabbi Sjammai.
De school van Hillel stond bekend om een mildere, flexibelere en mensgerichtere interpretatie van de Thora en de joodse wet (halacha) dan de strengere school van Sjammai.